Which environmental issue is associated with excessive fertilizer use?

Excessive fertilizer use is commonly associated with soil degradation because it can lead to several detrimental effects on soil health. Over-application of fertilizers often disrupts the natural balance of nutrients, leading to nutrient runoff into water bodies, which can cause algal blooms. These blooms consume oxygen in the water, creating dead zones that can harm aquatic life. Additionally, continuous use of synthetic fertilizers can diminish soil organic matter, adversely affect soil structure and microbial communities, and reduce overall soil fertility over time. Proper management and application of fertilizers are essential in preventing these negative impacts and promoting soil health.

The other options reflect concepts that are generally promoted through sustainable practices, such as sustainable land management and improved biodiversity, rather than issues stemming from excessive fertilizer use. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions is an unrelated benefit that does not connect with the consequences of over-fertilization.