What is the effect of improper pH levels in soil?

Improper pH levels in soil can significantly affect plant health and development, primarily leading to nutrient toxicity or deficiency. Soil pH influences the availability of essential nutrients to plants. For instance, at low pH (acidic conditions), certain nutrients like aluminum and manganese may become more soluble and consequently toxic to plants, while key nutrients like phosphorus may become less available. Conversely, at high pH (alkaline conditions), nutrients such as iron, zinc, and copper may become less soluble, resulting in deficiencies.

Thus, maintaining proper pH levels is crucial for ensuring that plants can access the nutrients they need for growth. This emphasizes the importance of regular soil testing and potential amendments to correct pH imbalances for optimal agricultural practices.