What is a potential consequence of soil compaction on plant growth?

Soil compaction is a process where soil particles are pressed closely together, reducing the spaces or pores between them. This compaction can severely hinder root growth by creating a dense layer that roots struggle to penetrate. When soil is compacted, the physical space that allows for root expansion is reduced. Roots need to spread out to access water and nutrients; however, a compacted soil structure limits their ability to do so.

Additionally, compacted soil can lead to poor aeration, meaning that the air exchange necessary for healthy root development is diminished. Roots not only need nutrients from the soil but also oxygen to survive and grow effectively. Overall, the compaction of soil restricts root growth, which can negatively impact the overall health and vigor of the plant.