What impact does phosphorus runoff have on aquatic ecosystems?

Study for the Maryland Fertilizer Exam. Prepare through flashcards and multiple-choice questions with detailed hints and explanations. Ensure your success on the test!

Phosphorus runoff significantly impacts aquatic ecosystems by leading to a process known as eutrophication. This phenomenon occurs when high levels of nutrients, particularly phosphorus, enter bodies of water through runoff from agricultural fields, urban areas, and other sources. The increase in phosphorus stimulates excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants.

While algae growth might initially seem beneficial, excessive algal blooms can block sunlight from reaching underwater plants, disrupting the entire ecosystem. When these algae die and decompose, it leads to a depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water, a condition known as hypoxia. Fish and other aquatic organisms that rely on oxygen-rich environments can suffer or even perish as a result. Moreover, some algae can produce toxins that are harmful to both aquatic life and human health.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the detrimental effects of phosphorus runoff and connects this nutrient's presence to broader ecological consequences, reinforcing the understanding of nutrient management practices necessary for preserving water quality and healthy aquatic ecosystems.

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