What impact does over-fertilization have on soil organisms?

Over-fertilization can have detrimental effects on soil organisms, particularly beneficial microorganisms. When excess fertilizers are applied, the high concentration of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, can lead to nutrient imbalances in the soil. This creates an environment that can harm or inhibit the growth of beneficial microbial communities that play a crucial role in soil health, nutrient cycling, and organic matter decomposition.

These beneficial microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, are essential for maintaining a balanced and fertile soil ecosystem. They help in breaking down organic matter, making nutrients available to plants, and promoting healthy plant growth. However, when fertilizers are over-applied, it can lead to conditions such as nutrient leaching, soil acidification, and even pollution of groundwater, all of which can further stress and reduce microbial diversity and activity.

In summary, over-fertilization disrupts the delicate balance of soil health by harming beneficial microorganisms, ultimately leading to a decline in soil quality and fertility. This emphasizes the importance of following appropriate fertilization practices to sustain healthy soil organisms and promote overall soil health.