What are the risks associated with excessive nitrogen application?

The choice highlighting the risks associated with excessive nitrogen application is fundamentally accurate because applying too much nitrogen can have significant environmental impacts. When nitrogen levels exceed optimal amounts, it can leach into groundwater and runoff into nearby water bodies, leading to eutrophication. This process causes nutrient pollution, favoring rapid algae growth—often referred to as algae blooms. These blooms can deplete oxygen in the water, creating dead zones where aquatic life cannot survive, thereby harming ecosystems and diminishing biodiversity.

In contrast, options suggesting only decreased crop yields, improved soil texture, or higher profits for farmers do not capture the broader environmental implications of excessive nitrogen use. While crop yields may decline with improper nitrogen management, the critical concern remains the negative impact on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. The benefits that might be perceived in yield or profit often overlook the long-term consequences of environmental degradation, which could eventually lead to financial losses due to decreased water quality and regulatory pressures. Thus, the recognition of environmental risks associated with excessive nitrogen is vital for sustainable agricultural practices.