Applying fertilizers inappropriately can lead to which of the following?

Applying fertilizers inappropriately can lead to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly through processes such as nitrous oxide release from overapplication of nitrogen fertilizers. When fertilizers are applied in excess or at inappropriate times, they can contribute to nutrient runoff and leaching, which can subsequently release gases into the atmosphere as a result of microbial activity in the soil. This contributes not only to the greenhouse effect but also can have detrimental environmental consequences, such as water quality degradation and harm to aquatic ecosystems.

In contrast, while soil nutrient build-up can occur from overuse of fertilizers, this alternative does not directly correspond to the emissions of greenhouse gases. Enhanced natural pest control and improved crop resistance are benefits that are not typically associated with inappropriate fertilizer application, as mismanagement often leads to negative outcomes rather than enhancements in those areas. Therefore, the link between inappropriate fertilizer use and greenhouse gas emissions is a significant environmental concern that underlines the importance of proper fertilizer management practices.